Lymphatic drainage is a therapeutic intervention done to treat lymphedema. Lymphedema is a disease marked by increased collection of lymphatic fluid in the body, which leads to swelling and skin/tissue changes. Swelling can then cause restrictions in ranges of motion, skin discoloration, pain/altered sensations, limb heaviness, and difficulty fitting into clothing.

Gait disorders have many causes and can be caused by orthopedic, neurological, medical and/or psychological conditions. When observed, underlying causes of gait disorders should be investigated and treated in order to reduce fall risk and improve the patient’s safety and mobility.

When working on balance clinically, a physical therapist will take into account static and dynamic balance, the vestibular, proprioceptive and visual systems, strength and endurance of the muscles, and design a treatment plan to improve a patient's ability to maintain equilibrium and balance in all daily situations.

Joint mobilization is a form of manual therapy in which joints are moved at different velocities in certain directions in order to restore optimal range of motion within the joint, improve function, and/or to reduce pain.

Paraffin wax is a thermal modality and is a form of heat therapy. It is commonly used therapeutically in the physical therapy clinic to provide enclosed heat to certain areas of the body, such as the small joints and muscles of the hands. As a form of heat therapy, paraffin wax is used to decrease pain in joints, muscles and other soft tissues, increase blood flow, and improve connective tissue extensibility.

TENS is commonly used as a treatment technique because it is a simple, non-invasive and easy to apply method that has much fewer side effects compared with drug therapy.

Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilisation (IASTM) can be described as a skilled clinical intervention that includes the use of specialised tools to manipulate the skin, fascia, muscles, and tendons by specific compressive stroke techniques.

Physical Therapists routinely use both cryotherapy and heat therapy in the clinic to treat a wide range of conditions. These conditions range from acute tissue injuries, such as muscle and joint sprains, myofascial trigger point release, tendinitis, acute localised swelling after injuries, bursitis, and many more.

Manual therapy is a hands-on approach and treatment which may include joint mobilizations and manipulations, stretching and passive movement of muscles and joints, or having the patient move the body part against the therapist’s resistance to improve muscle activation and timing. Manual therapy also includes massage therapy, lymph drainage, traction of joints, and trigger point release therapy.

Kinesiology taping is a therapeutic tool that has been used since the 1970’s for the prevention and treatment of sporting injuries. It gained popularity in recent years for use for musculoskeletal sport-related conditions and for more widespread use in the clinic to treat a wide range of conditions.